刘根勤：宋代名臣鲜于侁与扬州
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"></p><p style="margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.8; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;">■刘根勤</p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; 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margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 2; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">鲜于侁这个名字有点拗口。“鲜于”是姓，侁念shēn，《倚天屠龙记》里有个反角叫鲜于通。唐玄宗年间的剑南节度使、杨国忠的亲信鲜于仲通，正是鲜于侁远祖鲜于叔明的胞兄，不过在历史上也不是什么正面角色。但鲜于叔明却善始善终，进爵蓟国公，堪称德才兼备。</p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 2; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">鲜于侁(1018—1087)，字子骏。宋代阆州人。他克绍箕裘，少有才名，16岁便高中进士，为官更是清正、干练，同时擅作楚辞，著有《诗传》《易断》。</p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 2; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">庆历年间，鲜于侁任黟县（隶属今安徽黄山）县令。上任不久，就有好几张告一个姓汪的状子递到他的公案上。照状中所诉，每一条都是国法不容的罪行。鲜于侁了解到此人为富不仁，鱼肉乡民，但势力很大，前面几任县令都被他扳倒了。鲜于侁不畏强暴，详实地调查了汪某的罪行，严厉地处治了这个大恶霸。汪某受惩罚，其他黑恶势力也就收敛了。</p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 2; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">鲜于侁任绵州（今四川绵阳）通判时，绵州地方官贪污成风，他们甚至连公家的柴炭、蔬菜、瓜果，都偷偷往家里拿。鲜于侁不贪不占一丝一毫，郡中官员受到感动，跟着学习，风气大有好转。</p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 2; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">当时王安石推行新法，不少地方官员为迎合王安石，不管辖区具体情况如何，一律机械照搬条文。鲜于侁在利州时，老百姓不要求政府发放青苗钱，鲜于侁也不勉强他们。有人想借此打击鲜于侁，向王安石打了小报告，王安石很生气，专门派人责问。鲜于侁说：“青苗之法，老百姓要求办才给与，老百姓不自愿，哪能强迫他们呢？”他有理有据，王安石无话可说。</p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 2; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">新法中有一项助役法，让各地根据实际情况自报应交纳的助役钱。利州转运使李瑜定40万，鲜于侁说：“利州地瘠民贫，交20万就行了。”李瑜不听，二人争辩无结果，都把自己的意见报给朝廷，宋神宗认为鲜于侁是对的，采纳了他的意见。</p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 2; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">鲜于侁清正而又能干的故事很多。他还善于理论联系实践，“应诏陈十六事”。宋神宗“爱其文”，在近臣力荐下升任鲜于侁为利州路转运判官。1079年，鲜于侁被任命为扬州知府。神宗语重心长地对他说：“广陵（扬州）是重镇，很久找不到合适的治理贤才。现在朕亲自选派您到广陵，希望您将此地治理成为模范区域！”</p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 2; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">鲜于侁在扬州干得最漂亮的一件事，也是他一生中最自豪的事情，就是力挺被迫害的四川老乡苏东坡。他到任扬州的当年，东坡因“乌台诗案”被押解回京，路过扬州。因为有人存心要害东坡，这件事影响很大，士大夫圈子闻之色变，东坡的一些亲戚朋友都害怕了，有的甚至急于和苏东坡划清界限关系，而鲜于侁却要去看望东坡。有人劝他说：“你和东坡是好朋友，平日往来有不少文字书信之类的东西，最好把它烧了，不然的话，很可能为此而获罪。”鲜于侁说：“欺君负友的事，我不忍心做。我和东坡是老朋友，去看他是忠义之事，如果为这事而受处罚，是我甘心情愿的。”他冒着受牵连获罪的危险去看望了东坡，这件事获得了天下正人君子的高度认可，认为他是朋友的楷模。</p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 2; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">半年前东坡路过扬州，曾在鲜于侁为他专设的宴席上，写过一首《西江月》：“三过平山堂下，半生弹指声中。十年不见老仙翁，壁上龙蛇飞动。欲吊文章太守，仍歌杨柳春风。休言万事转头空，未转头时皆梦。”叙述了他们的深厚情谊，以及对鲜于侁的高度评价。东坡与扬州的渊源，后面会专题叙述。</p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 2; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">1077年，鲜于侁出任京东路转运使，兼管莱芜监。当时，莱芜的钢铁冶炼规模达到空前发达的程度，山东“莱芜监”与江苏的“利国监”（地址在今江苏铜山），同为京东路两大冶炼中心，莱芜监下辖“三坑”“十八冶”，冶户千余户，主要采取民营形式，冶户积极性很高。</p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 2; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">不久吴居厚接任京东路转运使，见冶铁有利可图，便收归官营，增加赋税，严重损害了矿冶户的利益，矿工欲暴动。1085年，吴居厚被罢，朝廷重新起用鲜于侁为京东路转运使，管莱芜、利国两监，权力极大，但他一心为公，京东“士民闻其重临，如见慈父母”。</p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 2; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">鲜于侁刚直不阿，清正廉明。他在陈州知府任上去世，享年70岁。东坡评价他为政“上不害法，下不伤民，中不废亲”，真正做到了为官者视为畏途的“三难（难在上对朝廷不枉法、中对亲友不徇私、下对百姓不伤害）”。看人标准更高的司马光也说：“像鲜于侁这样贤能的人，不应该让他去地方上做官，而应该让他在朝中起更重要的作用。可是山东一带天灾人祸非常严重，又需他去治救。怎么才能有像鲜于侁这样的人才百来个遍布在天下呢？”可见他的人格与才能达到了举国钦服的级别。</p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 2; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">鲜于侁留下来的文章不少，有神仙气质，这跟他从四川出来有关。但丝毫无损于他的名臣做派。这也与当时儒道合一的思潮有关，他和东坡互为密友，跟这有很大关系。</p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">作者简介:</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em;">生于兴化，求学扬州。文学博士、历史学博士后,资深媒体人、文史学者、作家。</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; flex-flow: row nowrap; transform: rotateX(180deg); position: static; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top; width: auto; flex: 100 100 0%; align-self: flex-start; height: auto; 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padding: 0px; justify-content: flex-end; position: static; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; margin: 5px 0px; font-size: 18px;">《扬州晚报》版面</span></p><p><strong>来源：扬州发布<br/></strong></p><p><strong>编辑：吴勇胜<br/></strong></p><p><strong>总编辑：陆碧波</strong></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//xinsubei.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_P6E" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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